Terjemahan bebas 7 of 10 Volcanoes, The ZetaTalk Newsletter Issue 443, Sunday March 29, 2015
Seiring dengan perkembangan pergerakan-pergerakan lempeng Tahap 7, gunung-gunung berapi di sepanjang perbatasan-perbatasan lempeng terus mengalami peningkatan erupsi.
Pelejitan aktifitas vulkanik telah dibahas dalam newsletter-newsletter terdahulu:
gunung-gunung berapi tak aktif di Chile dan di Pakistan tiba-tiba mengalami erupsi,
peningkatan erupsi Indonesia gunung-gunung berapi di Indonesia karena Lempeng Sunda mendapat tekanan;
alasan-alasan pihak penguasa yang menyedihkan atas pelejitan erupsi;
dan gunung-gunung berapi yang terbangun di Colombia dan Ekuador .Itulah peningkatan kejadian yang tidak dapat disangkal.
[Pulau Vulkanik Baru di Tonga]
Sebuah pulau vulkanik baru sedang muncul di Tonga dimana Lempeng Indo-Australia terangkat. Ini adalah zona yang kerap mengalami gempa ganas.
[Lempeng Amerika Selatan + Lempeng Pasifik + Lempeng Atlantik Menekan Amerika Utara]
- Stunning Images Reveal New Volcanic Land Mass, March 12, 2015 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2990553/Like-look-island-fast The island started forming in January after a volcano exploded underwater and then expanded creating a mile long, cone-shaped formation. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai underwater volcano, that created the formation, is located between two land masses in the Tonga archipelago - Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai.
- Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano (Tonga Islands) Eruption, January 16, 2015 http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai/news/50320/Hunga-Tonga A new island is now growing at the eruption site between Hunga Ha’apai and Hunga Tonga Islands.
Pergerakan-pergerakan Lempeng Tahap 7 dimulai dengan penjungkitan Lempeng Indo-Australia, yang menukik ke bawah Peg. Himalaya dan memungkinkan lidah Lempeng Sunda ditekan ke bawah lengkungan yang dibentuk oleh Sumatera dan Jawa
Pergerakan ini memfasilitasi penggulingan Lempeng Amerika, sehingga bagian puncak Lempeng Amerika Selatan miring ke arah barat, memberi tekanan subduksi di sepanjang tulang punggung Peg. Andes.
Penggulingan Lempeng Amerika Selatan ke arah barat ini bergabung lempeng Pasifik yang memampat dan lempeng Atlantik yang melebar, telah memberi tekanan pelengkungan (dalam bentuk busur--pen.) pada benua Amerika Utara, menarik ujung Meksiko ke arah Kep. Aleutian dan Kamchatka.
Aktifitas Vulkanik yang disebabkan oleh robeknya lempeng Atlantik dapat dilihat pada gunung-gunung berapi di Islandia.
- Three-Thousand Fee in Terror as Chilean Volcano Villarrica Erupts, March 3, 2015 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2977241/Volcano-Villarrica-erupts Volcano Villarrica in southern Chile erupted in the early hours of Tuesday, sending ash and lava over 3,000-feet into the sky, and forcing the evacuation of nearby communities. The volcano, located near the popular tourist resort of Pucon around 750 km (460 miles) south of the capital Santiago, is one of South America's most active. It last erupted in 2000.
- Mexico's Popocatepetl Volcano Spews Ash; Flights Cancelled, February 25, 2015 http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mexico-s-popocatepetl-volcano-spews-ash-flights-cancelled For the second time in 10 days, the Popocatepetl volcano east of Mexico City spewed ash into the sky, forcing cancellation of flights at the nearby Puebla International Airport. A series of explosions at the volcano overnight tossed hot rocks 700 metres down the volcano's cone and sent a column of ash nearly 4 kilometres into the sky. Similar episodes were observed in May and July 2013, and likely have to do with the growth of a new dome.
- Shiveluch Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia), January 7, 2015 http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/kamchatka/sheveluch/news/50141/Shiveluch-volcano A very large vulcanian explosion occurred this morning at the volcano. The explosion produced a 1.5 km wide ash column rising to approx. 27,000 ft (9 km) altitude and several pyroclastic flows from partial column collapse that traveled to the south.
- Inside the Holuhraun Crater in Iceland, March 9, 2015 http://www.wired.com/2015/03/inside-holuhraun-crater-iceland/ The eruption was the largest in Iceland for over 200 years, dumping more than 1.4 cubic kilometers of basaltic lava over the barren landscape. Along with the lava came unprecedented subsidence of the floor within the Barðarbunga caldera, an event that had never been observed (or measured precisely with GPS) in Iceland. In all senses of the word, this was a historic eruption.
- Volcanoes of Iceland http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/iceland.html Iceland, the land of ice and fire, is a true paradise for volcanologists. In few places on earth, geology and human history are so closely connected to volcanism as on Iceland. The island owns its existence to a large volcanic hot spot sitting on a mid-oceanic ridge, a unique setting. The plate boundary between the American and Eurasian tectonic plates crosses Iceland from south to North and the spreading process can be directly measured and observed on land.